VIRGINIA (including North Carolina)
http://www.virtualjamestown.org/images/white_debry_html/introduction.html
[143] A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia
The title page to the Virginia volume, which contained Thomas Hariot’s text and John White’s illustrations, engraved in copper by Theodore de Bry.
The centre panel states:
A briefe and true report of the new found land of Virginia, of the commodities and of the nature and manners of the naturall inhabitants. Discovered by the English Colony there seated by Sir Richard Grenville Knight in the yeere 1585. Which remained under the governement of twelve monethes at the speciall charge and direction of the Honourable St Walter Raleigh Knight lord Warden of the stanneries Who therein hath beene favoured and authorised by her Majestie and her letters patents; This fore booke is made in English By Thomas Hariot, servant to the above named Sir Walter, a member of the Colony, and there employed in discovering CUM GRATIA ET PRIVILEGIO CĆS.MA’TIS SPECIA’LE.
This introduces what later became known as Part I of the famous ‘Grands Voyages’ of America, whose illustrations have subsequently grace the pages of most books about early American history right up to the present day. Either side, the Algonkian Indians here decorate an ornate architectural façade, with the imprint below showing the date, 1590.
Title Page (27.5x18.6), to Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with English, French, German or Latin text. Latin
or German text: 
http://www.floridahistory.com/de-bry-plates/de-bry-biography-mirror.htm
[761] [Adam and Eve] to the gentle Reader
Although (friendly reader) man by his disobedience, weare deprived of those good Gifts wher with he was indued in his creation, yet he was not berefte of wit to provide for hym selfe, nor discretion to devise things necessarie for his use, except suche as appartayne to his soules healthe, as may be gathered by this savage nation, of whom this present worke intreateth. For although they have noe true knowledge of God nor of his holye worde and are destituted of all lerninge, Yet they passé us in many thinges, as in Sobre feedinge and Dexteritye of witte, in makinge without any instrument of mettall thinges so neate and so fine, as a man would scarselye beleve the same, Unless the Englishemen Had made proofe Therfore that yt was a thinge worthie of admiration, I was verye willinge to offer unto you the true Pictures of those people wich by the helpe of Maister Richard Hakluyt of Oxford Minister of Gods Word, who first Incouraged me to publish the Worke, I creaved out of the verye original of Maister Ihon White an Englisch painter who was sent into the contrye by queens Maiestye, only to draw the description of the place, lyvely to describe the shapes of the Inhabitants their apparel, manners of Livinge, and fashions, att the speciall Charges of the worthy knighte, Sir Walter Ralegh, who bestowed noe Small Sume of monnye in the serche and Discoverye of that countrye, From the yeere 1584, to the ende of The yeare 1588. Morevoer this booke which intreateth of that parte of the new World which the Englishmen call by the name of Virginia I heer sett out in the first place, being thereunto requested of my Frends, by Reason of the memorye of the fresh and late performance thereof, albeit I have in hand the Historye of Florida wich should bee fist sett foorthe because yt was discouvered by the Frenchemen longe befor the discoverye od Virginia, yet I hope shortlye also to publish the same, A Victorye, doubtless so Rare, as I thinke the like hath not ben heard nor seene. I craeved both of them at London, and brought Them hither to Franckfurt, wher I an my sonnes haven taken earnest paynes in gravinge the pictures ther of in Copper, seeing yt is a matter of noe small importance. Touchinge the stile of both the Discourses, I have caused yt to bee Reduced into verye Good Frenche and Latin by the aide of verye worshipfull frend of myne. Finallye I hartlye Request thee, that yf any seeke to Countrefaict thes my bookx, (for in this dayes many are so malicious that they seeke to gayne by other men labours) thowwouldest give noe credit unto suche counterfeited Drawghte. For dyvers secret marks lye hiddin in my pictures, which wil breede Confusion unless they bee well observed. [Theodorus de Bry]
Adam and Eve Plate (24.0x18.0)
appears after the map [144] from Part I(g), first published in English, French,
German and Latin editions:
[144] Map: Americć pars, Nunc Virginia dicta …
The geography for this map, covering the coastal region of North Carolina, appears to have been derived, at least in part if not entirely, from two manuscript maps now in the British Museum, by John White. Both were drawn from surveys done on location by Thomas Hariot when, in 1585 the two men explored Pamlico and Albemarle Sounds together and as far north as the Chesapeake Bay. Theodore de Bry, however, seems to have extended the area inland somewhat and added in all the embellishments himself. Some of the place-names marked on the map are still recognisable: ‘Roanoac’, of course is Roanoke, where the English colony was set up, ‘Hatoraks’ is Hatteras and ‘Chesepiooc’, Chesapeake. Credit for the accuracy of the convoluted coastline of this map goes almost entirely to Thomas Hariot, whose survey work is quite astonishing. It has been described as ‘the most carefully detailed piece of cartography for any part of North America to be made in the sixteenth century’28
Map (30.1x41.8), from Part I(g), first
published in 1590 in the English, French, German and Latin editions:
http://www.nps.gov/archive/fora/whitede.htm
[145] The arrival of the Englishmen in Virginia in 1585
The sea coasts of Virginia arre full of Islands, wher by the entrance into the mayne lăd os hard to finde. For although they bee separated with divers and sundrie large Division, which seeme to yeeld convenient entrance, yet to our great peril we proved that they wear shallowe, and full of dangerous flats, and could never perce opp into the mayne land,until wee made traills into many places with our small pinkness. At lengthe wee fownd an entrance upon our mens diligent serche thereof. Affter that wee had passed opp, and sayled ther in for a short space we discovered a mightye river fallinge downe in to the sownde over against those Ilands, which nevertheless wee could not saile opp any thinge far by Reason of the shallewness, the mouth ther of beinge annoyed with sands driven in with the tyde therefore saylinge further, wee came unto a Good bigg yland, the Inhabitants thereof as soone as they saw us began to make a great and horrible crye, as people which never befor had seene men apparelled like us, and came a way makinge out crys like wild beasts or men out of their wyts. But beenge gentlye called backe, we offred them of our wares, as glasses, knives, babies (dolls) and other trifles, which wee thought they deligted in. Soe they stood still, and percevinge our Good will and courtesie came fawninge upon us, and bade us welcome. Then they brought us to their village in the iland called, Roanoac, and unto their Weroans or Prince, which entertained us with Reasonable curtesie, although they wear amased at the first sight of us. Suche was our arrival into the parte of the world, which we call Virginia, the stature of bodye of wich people, theyr attire, and maneer of lyvinge, their feasts, and banketts, I will particullerlye declare unto yow.
Plate 2 (15.4x22.5), from Past
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
[146] A Weroan or great lorde of Virginia
The Princes of Virginia are attired in suche manner as is expressed in the figure. They weare the haire of their heades long and bynde opp the ende of the same in a knot under their eares. Yet they cutt the top of their heades from the forehead to the nape of the necke in manner of a cokscombe, stickinge a faier longe fether of some derd att the Begininge of the creste upon their foreheads, and another short one on bothe sides about their eares. They hange at their eares ether thicke pearles, or somewhat els, as the clawe of some great birde, as cometh in to their fansye. Moreover They ether pownes, or paynt their forehead, cheeks, chynne, bodye, armes, and leggs, yet in another sortethen the inhabitants of Florida. They weare a chaine about their necks of pearles or beades or copper, wich they muche esteeme, and ther of wear they also bracelets of their armes. Under their brests about their bellyes appeir certayne spots, whear they use to lett them selves bloode, when they are sicke. They hangebefore them the skinne of some beaste verye feinelye dresset in such sorte, that the tayle hangeth downe behynde. They carye a quiver made of small rushes holding their bowe readie bent in one hand, and an arrowe in the other, redie to defend themselves. In this manner they goe to warr, or to their solemne feasts and banquetts. They take muche pleasure in huntinge of deer wher of ther is great store in the contrye, for yt is fruitfull, pleasant, and full of Goodly woods. Yt hathe also store of rivers full of divers sorts of fishe. When they go to battle they paynt their bodyes in the most terrible manner that thei can devise.
Plate 3 (15.0x21.6), from Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
[147] One of the chief Ladyes of Secota*
The woemen of Secotam are of Reasonable good proportion. In their goinge they carrye their hands danglinge downe, and air dadil in a deer skinne verye excelletlye wel dressed, hanginge downe fro their navel unto the mydds of their thighs, which alsocovereth their hynder parts. The rest of their bodies are all bare. The forr parte of their haire is cutt shorte, the is not over Llonge, thinne, and softe, and falling downe abouttheir shoulders: They weare a Wreath about their heads. Their foreheads, cheeks, chynne, armes and leggs are pownced (tattooed). About their necks they wear a chaine, ether pricked or paynted. They have small eyes, plaine and flat noses, narrow foreheads, and broade mowths. For the most parte they hange at their eares chaynes of longe Pearles, and of some smootht bones. Yet their nayles are not longe, as the woemen of Florida. They are alsodelighted with walkinge in to the fields, and beside the rivers, to see the huntinge of deers and catchinge of fische.
(* Secota was an Indian village near Pamlico River, North Carolina).
Plate 4 (15.0x21.5), form Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
[148] One of the Religeous men in the towne of Secota
The Priests of the aforesaid Towne of Secota are wellstricken in years, and as yet seemeth of more experience then the comon sorte. They weare their heare cutt like a creste, on the top of their heades as other doe, but the rest are cutt shorte, savinge those which growe about their foreheads in manner of a perriwigge. They also have somewhat hanginge in their ears. They weare a shorte cloke made of fine hares skinnes quilted with the hayre outwarde. The rest of their bodie is naked. They are notable enchaunters, and for their pleasure they frequent the rivers, to kill with their bowes, and catche wilde ducks, swannes, and other fowles.
Plate 5
(15.2x21.5), for Part I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin:
http://bell.lib.umn.edu/encounters/home.html
[149] A younge gentill woemandaughter of Secota
Virgins of good parentage are apparelled altogether like the woemen of Secota above mentioned, saving that they weare hanginge abowt their necks in steede of a chaine certaine thicke, and rownde pearles, with little beades of copper, or polished bones between them. They pounce their foreheads, cheeckes, armes and legs. Their haire is cutt with two ridges above their foreheads, the rest is trussed opp on a knott behinde, they have broade mowthes, reasonable fair black eyes: they lay their hands often upon their Shoulders, and cover their brests in token of maydenlike modestye. The rest of their bodyes are naked, as in the picture is to bee seene. They deligt also in seeinge fishe taken in the rivers.
Plate 6 (15.2x21.5), from Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
http://bell.lib.umn.edu/encounters/home.html
[150] A cheiff Lorde of Roanoac
The cheefe men of the yland and towne of Roanoac weare the haire of their crounes of theyr heades cutt like a cokes combe, as the others doe. The rest they wear longe as woemen and truss them opp in a knott in the nape of their necks. They hange pearles stringe upon a threed att their eares, and weare bracelets on their armes of pearles, or small beades of copper or of smoothe bone called minsal, nether paintinge nor powncinge of them selves, but in token of authoritye, and honor, they wear a chaine of great pearles, or copper beades or smoothe bones abowt their necks, and a plate of copper hinge upon a stringe, from the navel unto the midds of their thighs. They cover themselves before and behynde as the woemen doe with a deers skynne handsomely dresses and fringed. More over they fold their armes tgether as they walke, or as they talke one with another in signe of wisdome. The yle of Roanoac is verye pleasant, and hath plaintie of fishe by reason of the Water that environeth the same.
Plate 7 (16.4x21.9), from Part I(g),
first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
[151] A cheiff Ladye of Pomeiooc
About 20 milles from that Iland, neere the lake of Paquippe, ther is another towne called Pomeioock hard by the sea. The apparel of the cheefe ladyes of that towne differeth but little from the attire of those which lyve in Roanoac. For they weare their haire trussed opp in a knott, as the maiden doe which we spake of before, and have their skinnes pownced in the same manner, yet they wear a chaine of great pearles, or beades of copper, or smoothe bones 5. or 6. fold about their necks, bearinge one arme in the same, in the other hand they carrye a gourde full of some kinde of pleasant liquor. They tye deers skinne doubled about them crochinge higher about their breasts, which hange downe before almost to their knees, and are almost altogether naked behinde. Commonlye their yonge daughters of 7. or 8. yeares olde do wait upon them wearinge abowt them a girdle of skinne, which hangeth downe behinde, and is drawen under neath between their thighs, and bownde above their navel with mosse of trees betweene that and their skinnes to cover their privities withal. After they be once past 10. yeares of age, they wear deer skinnes as the older sorte do. They greatlye Deligted with puppets, and babes which wear brought oute of England.
(Pomeiooc was an Indian village, near Mattamuskeet Lake, North Carolina.).
Plate 8 (14.7x21.3), from Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
http://www.floridahistory.com/de-bry-plates/de-bry-biography-mirror.htm
[152] An aged manne in his winter garment
The aged men of Pommeioocke are concerned with a large skinne which is tyed upon their shoulders o one side and hangeth downe beneath their knees wearinge their other arme naked out out of the skinne, that they may bee at more libertie. Those skynnes are Dressed with hair on, and lined with other furred skinnes. The yonnge men suffer noe hair at all to growe upon their faces but assoone as they growe they put them away, but when they are come to yeeres they suffer them to growe although to say truthe they come opp very thinne. They also weare their haire bownde op behynde, and,have a creste on their heads like the others. The contrye abowt this plase is soe fruit full and good, that England is not to bee compared to yt.
Plate 9 (15.4x21.8), from Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
[153] Their manner of careynge ther Childern and atyere of the cheiffe Ladyes of the towne of Dasamonquepeuc
In the towne of Dasemonquepeuc distant from Roanoac 4. or 5. milles, the woemen are attired, and downced, in suche sorte as the woemen of Roanoac are, yet they weare noewreathes upon their heads, nether have they their thighs painted with small pricks. They have a strange manner of bearing their children, and quite contrarie to ours. For ourwoemen carrie their children in their armes before their brests, but they taking their sonne by the right hand, bear him on their backs, holdinge the left thighe in their lefte arme after a strange, and conuesnall [unuseuall?] fashion, as in the picture is to bee seene.
(Dasemonquepeuc was an Indian village near Manns Harbor, North Carolina.)
Plate 10 (15.0x21.3), from Part I(g),
first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
They have comonlye conjurers or jugglers which use strange gestures, and often contrarie to nature in their enchantment: For they be verye familiar with devils, of whome they enquier what their enemys doe, or other suche thinges. They shave all their heads savinge their creste which they weare as other doe, and fasten a small black birde above one of their ears as a badge of their office. They weare nothinge but a skinne which hangeth downe from their girdle, and covereth their privityes. They weare a bagg by their side as is expressed in the figure. The Inhabitants give great credit unto their speeche, which oftentimes they finde to bee true.
Plate 11 (15.3x21.3), from Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
[156] The manner of makinge their boates
The manner of makinge their boates in Virginia is verye wonderfull. For wheras they want Instruments of yron or other like unto ours, yet they knowe howe to make them as handsomelye, to saile with whear they liste in their in their Rivers, and to fishe withal, as ours. First they choose some longe, and thicke tree, accordinge to the bignes of the boate which they would frame, and make a fyre on the grownd abowt the Roote therof, kindlinge the same by little, and little with drie mosse of trees, and chipps of woode that the flame should not mounte opp to highe, and burne to muche of the lengte of the tree. When it is almost burnt thorough, and readye to fall they make a new fyre, which they suffer to burne until the tree fall of yts owne accord. Then burninge of the top, and bowghs of the tree in suche wyse that the bodie of the same may Retayne his just lengthe, they raise yt upon potes laid over cross wise upon forked posts, at suche a reasonable heighte as they may handsomlye worke upon yt. Then take they of the barke with certayne shells: they reserve the innermost parte of the lennke [length?] for the nethermost parte of the boate. On the other side they make a fyre accordinge to the lengthe of the bodye of the tree, savinge at both the ends. That which they think is sufficientlye burned they quenche and scrape away with shells, and makinge a new fyre they burne yt agayne, and soe they continne somtymes burninge and sometimes scrapinge, until the boate have sufficient bothowmes. Thus God indueth thise savage people with sufficient reason to make thinges necessarie to serve their turnes.
Plate 12 (15.0x21.5), from Part I(g),
first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
[157] Their manner of fishynge in Virginia
They have likewise a notable way to catche fishe in their Rivers, for whear as they lacke both yron, and steele, they fasten unto their Reedes or longe Rodds, the hollowe tayle of a certaine fishe like to a sea crabb [Horseshoe Crabs] in steede of a poynte, wherewith by nitghte or day they stricke fishes, and take them opp into their boates. They also know how to use the prickles, and pricks of other fishes. They also make weares, with settinge opp reedes or twigges in the water, which they soe plant one with another, that they growe still narrower, and narrower, as appeareth by this figure. Ther was never seen amonge us soe cunninge a way to take fish withal, wherof sortes as they fownde in their Rivers unlike unto ours, which are also of a verye good taste. Dowbtless yt is a pleasant sighte to see the people, somtymes wadinge, andgoinge sometimes sailinge in those Rivers, which are shallowe and not deepe, free from care ofheapinge opp Riches for their posterite, content with their state, and livinge frendlye together of those thinges which god of hisbountye hath given unto them, yet without givinge hym any thankes according to his desarte.
So savage is this people, and deprived of the true knowledge of god. For they have none other then is mentioned before in this worke.
Plate 13 (31.5x25.8), from Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
[158] The browyllinge of their fishe over the flame
After they have taken store of fishe, they gett them unto a place fitt to dress yt. Ther they sticke upp in the gronde 4. stakes in a square roome, and lay 4 potes upon them, and others over thwart the same like unto a hurdle, of sufficient heighte, and layinge their fishe upon this hurdle, they make a fyre underneathe to broile the same, not after the manner of the people of Florida, which doe but schorte [scorche?] and harden their meate in the smoke onlye to Reserve the same duringe all the winter. For this people reservinge nothinge for store, thei do broile, they roste or seethe fresh, as wee shall see heraffter. And when as the hurdle can not holde all the fishes, they hange the Rest by the furres on sticks sett upp in the grounde a gainst the fyre, and than they finishe the rest of their cookerye. They thae good heede that they bee not burnt. When the first are broiled they lay others on, that weare newlye broughte, continuinge the dressinge of their meate in this sorte, until they thincke they have sufficient.
Plate 14 (13.5x21.2), from Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
[159] Their feetheynge of their meate in earthen pottes
Their woemen know how to make earthen vessels with special Cunninge and that so large and fine, that our potters with lhoye [theyr?] wheles can make noe better: ant then Remove them from place to place as easelye as we can doe our brassen kettles. After they have set them upon of erthe to stay them from fallinge, they putt wood under which being kindled one of them taken great care that the fyre burne equallye Rounde abowt. They or their woemen fill the vessel with water, and then putt they in fruite, flesh, and fish, and lett all boyle together like a galliemaufrye, which the Spaniarde call, olla podrida. Then they putt yt out into disches, and sett before the companye, and then they make good cheere together. Yet are they moderate in their eatinge wherby they avoide sicknes. I would to god wee would followe their example. For wee should bee free from many kyndes of diseasyes which wee fall into by sumptwous and unseasable banketts, continuallye devisinge new sawces, and provocation of gluttonnye to satisfie our unsatiable appetite.
Plate 15 (14.0x21.0), from Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
Their manner of feeding is in this wise. They lay a matt made of bents one the grownde and sett their meate on the mids therof, and then sit downe Rownde, the men upon one side and the woemen on the other. Their Meate isMayz sodden, in suche sorte as I described yt in the former treatise of verye good taste, deers flesche, or of some other beaste, and fishe. They are verye sober in their eatinge, and drinkinge, and consequentlye verye longe lived because they doe not oppress nature.
Plate 16 (15.5x21.5), from Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
http://bell.lib.umn.edu/encounters/home.html
[160] Their manner of prainge with Rattels abowt the fyer
When they have escaped any great danger by sea or lande, or be returned from warr in token of Joye they make a great fyre abowt which the men, and woemen sitt together, holding a certaine fruite in their hands like unto a rownde pompion or a gourde, which after they have taken out the fruits, and the seedes, then fill with small stones or certayne bigg kernels to make the more noise, and fasten that upon a sticke, and singinge after their manner, they make merrie: as my selfe [Thomas Hariot] observed and noted downe at my being amonge them. For it is a strange custome, and worth the observation.
Plate 17 (26.4x18.2), from Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
[162] Their dances which they use att their hiyghe feastes
At a Certayne tyme of the yere they make a great, and solemne feaste whereunto their neighbours of the townesadjoininge repayre from parts, every man attired in the most strange fashion they can devise havinge certayne marks on the backs to declare of what place they bee. The place wherethey meet is a broade playne, abowt the which are planted in the in the grownde certayne posts carved with heads like to the faces of Nonnes covered with theyr vayles. Then being set in order they dance, singe, and use the strangest gestures that they can possiblye devise. Three of the fairest Virgins, of the companie are in the mydds, which imbrassinge one another doe as yt wear turne abowt in their dancinge. All this is donne after the sunne is sett for avoydinge of heate. When they are weerye of dancinge, they goe oute of the circle, and come in until their dances be ended, and they goe to make merrye as is expresses in the16. figure.
Plate 18 (29.2x36.0), from Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
The townes of this contrie are in a manner like unto those which are in Florida, yet are they not soe stronge nor yet preserved with soe great care. They are compassed abowt with poles starcke fast in the grownd, but they are not verye stronge. The entrance is verye narrowe as may be seene by this picture, which is made accordinge to the forme of the towne of Pomeiooc. Ther are but few howses therin, save those which belonge to the kinge and his nobles. On the one side is their temple separated from the other howses, and marked with the letter A. yt is builded rownde, and covered with skynne matts, and as yt wear compassed abowt with cortynes without windowes, and hath noe lighte but by the doore. On the other side is the kings lodginge marked with the letter B. Their dwellings arebuilded with certaine potes fastened together, and covered with matts which they turne op as high as they thinke good,and soe receve in the lighte and other. Some are also covered with boughs of trees, as every man lusteth or liketh best. They keepe their feasts and make good cheer together in the midds of the towne as yt is described in the 17. Figure. When the towne standeth fare from water they dig a great ponde noted with the letter C wherhence they fetche as muche water as they neede.
Plate 19 (29.3x22.7), from Part I(g),
first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
http://bell.lib.umn.edu/encounters/home.html
Their townes that are not inclosed with poles are commonlyefayrer then suche as are inclosed, as appereth in this figure which livelye expresseth the towne of Secotam. For the howses are Scattered heer and ther, and they have gardein expressed by the letter E. wherein groweth Tobacco* which the inhabitants call Vppowoc. They have also groaves wherin thei take deer, and fields wherin they sowe their corne. In their corne fields they builde as yt weare a scaffolde wher on they sett a cottage like to a rownde chaire, signified by F. wherin they place one to watche, for there are suche number of fowles, and beasts, that unless they keepe the better watche, they would soone devoure all their corne. For which cause the watcheman maketh continual cryes and noyse. They sowe their corne with a certaine distance noted by H. other wise one stalke would choke the growthe of another and the corne would not come unto his rypenes G. For the leaves thereof are large, like unto the leaves of great reedes. They have also a severall broade plotte C. whear they meete with their neighbours, to celebrate their cheefe solemne feastes as the 18. picture doth declare: and a place D. whear after they have ended their feaste they make merrie together. Over against this place they have a rownd plot B. wher they assemble themselves to make their solemne prayers. Not far from which place ther is a lardge buildinge A. wherin are the tombes of their kings and princes, as will appere by the 22. figure likewise they have garden notted bey the letter I. wherin the make a fyre att their solemne feasts, and hard without the towne a river L. from whence they fetche their water. This people therefore voyde of all couetousness lyve cherfullye and att their harts ease. Butt they solemnise their feasts in the night, and therefore they keepe verye great fyres to avoyde darkenes, and to testifie their Joye.
*[this is probably the first ever illustration of a tobacco plant.]
Plate 20 (31.2x23.0), from Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
http://bell.lib.umn.edu/encounters/home.html
[164] The Idol Kiwasa
The people of this cuntrie have an Idol, which they call Kiwasa: yt is carved of woode in lengthe 4. foote whose heade is like the heades of the people of Florida, the face is of a flesh colour, the brest white, the rest is all blacke, thethighes are also spottet with whitte. He hath a chayne abowt his necke of white beades, betweene which are other Rownde beades of copper which they esteeme more then golde or silver. This Idol is placed in the temple of the towne of Secotam, as the keeper of the kings dead corpes. Somtyme they have two of thes idoles in theyr churches, and somtine 3. but never above, which they place in a darke corner wher they shew terrible. I thinke them verye Desirous to know the truthe. For when as wee kneeled downe on our knees to make our prayers unto god, they went abowt to imitate us, and when they saw we moved our lipps, they also dyd the like. Wherfore that is verye like that they might easelye be brought to the knowledge of the gospel. God of his mercie grant them this grace.
Plate 21 (15.7x21.5), from Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
[165] The Tombe of their Werowans or Chieff Lordes
They builde a Scaffolde 9. or 10. foote highe as is expressed in the figure under the tombs of their Weroans, or cheefe lordes which they cover with matts, and lai the dead corpses of their weroans theruppon in manner followinge. First the bowels are taken for the. Then layinge downe the skinne, they cutt all the flesh cleane from the bones, which they drye in the sonne, and well dryed they inclose in Matts, and place at their feete. Then their bones (remaininge still fastened together with the ligaments whole and uncorrupted) are covered agayne with leather, and their carcase fashioned as yf their flesh wear not taken away. They lapp eache corps in his owne skinne after the same is thus handled, and lay yt in his order by the corpses of the other cheef lordes. By the dead bodies they sett their Idol Kiwasa, wherof we spake in the former chapiter: For they are persuaded that the same doth kepe the dead bodyes of their cheefe lords that nothinge may hurt them. Moreover under the foresaid scaffolde some one of their priests hath has lodginge, which Mumbleth his prayers nighte and day, and hath charge of the corpses. For his bedd he hath two deares skinnes spredd on the grownde, yf the wether bee cold hee maketh a fyre to warme by withal. Thes poore soules are thus instructed by nature to reverence their princes even after their death.
Plate 22 (30.4x20.6), from Part
I(g), first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
[166] The Marckes of fundrey of the Chief mene of Virginia
The inhabitants of all the cuntrie for the most parte have marks rased on their backs, wherby yt may be knowen what Princes subjects they bee, or of what place they havetheir originall. For which cause we have set downe those marks in this figure, and have annexed the names of the places, that they might more easelye be discerned. Which industrie hath god indued them withal although they be verye simple, and rude. And to confesse a truth, I cannot remember that ever I saw a better or quieter people then they.
The marks which I observed amonge them, are here put downe in order folowinge.
The marke which is expressed by A. belongeth to Wingino, the cheefe lorde of Roanoac.
That which hath B. is the marke of Wingino his sisters husbande.
Those which be noted with the letters, of C. and D. belonge unto diverse chefe lordes in Secotam.
Those which have the letters E. F. G. are certaine cheefe men of Pomeiooc, and Aquascogoc.
Plate 23 (16.0x22.5), from Part I(g),
first published in 1590 with German or Latin text:
This is the third derivative of John Smith’s map of Virginia, first published in 1612 (ref. 60). Although the area covered corresponds roughly to the present-day State of Virginia, in the seventeenth century ‘Virginia’ was defined as a region of America ‘that lieth between 34° and 44° on the northern latitude’, which would have included territory from North Carolina to Maine. In 1607-8 John Smith explored the Chesapeake Bay and its tributaries, including the James River up to the present-day sight of Richmond, during which he located and named in all one hundred and sixty six Indian settlements. The map is embellished with two illustrations of Indians; the building in the one at top left is taken from de Bry’s engraving [165] and the Indian at top right is derived from the left hand figure in [146].
Map at Page 16/7 (28.6x36.1), from Part
XIII(g), first published in 1627 with German text and at Page 12/3 in 1634 with
Latin text:
[142] A summary of the Indians of Virginia
This plate shows some of the Indians of Virginia whom John White observed during his voyage to Roanoke Island in 1585. From top left to bottom right they are described individually in the following plate references: [147], [149], [148], [151], [153], [146], [150], [152] & [154].
Page 26
(15.1x17.8), from Part XIII(g), first published in 1627 with German text, or
Page 18 from part XIII(g), first published in 1634 wit Latin text:
[167] The English settlement at Jamestown
In 1607 an attempt was made to set up a new colony, when one hundred and four settlers sailed up the Chesapeake Bay to Jamestown. The key characters in this story were John Smith – an experienced adventurer of twenty six years, the Indian Chief, Powatan, whose people inhabited the territory whose land the colonists hoped to colonise, and John Rolfe, a tobacco planter, who subsequently married Pocahontas, Chief Powatan’s daughter.
Title Page
(29.7x18.8), to Part X(g), first published in 1618 with German text, and 1619
with Latin text:
[170] John Smith is saved by Pocahontas
Within a few months of establishing the Jamestown colony in 1607, forty-six English had died from disease and starvation, so Smith went to try to obtain food from the Indian chief, Powhatan. On the way, he was captured by Opechancanough. They were about to kill him when he produced his compass, which persuaded the Indians he must have magical powers by which means he was released. Further wanderings took him eventually to their leader, the great Powhatan, at Werowocomoco on the York River. After some consultation, Powhatan ordered him to be clubbed to death but, at the last minute Pocahontas, the chief’s favourite daughter, rushed up to protect him by putting her head on his lap.
Page 37
(14.7x17.4), from Part XIII(g), first published in 1627 with German text and
on
Page 25 in 1634 with Latin text:
http://bell.lib.umn.edu/encounters/home.html
[171] Powhatan’s daughter is abducted
In 1613, Captain Argall managed to bribe some Indian friends of Pocahontas to visit his ship with them. When she was aboard, he kept her hostage and sailed back down river the Jamestown. However, when Powhatan learnt that his daughter was being offered in exchange for the release of the English prisoners he had in captivity, he refused to negotiate. As a result, Governor Dale sailed up the York River with one hundred and fifty men and burned down an Indian village. Three months after being informed of his daughter’s capture, Powhatan released seven of the English captives but the colonists still refused to release Pocahontas.
Plate 7
(15.3x17.7), from Part X(g), first published in 1618 with German text and in
1619 with Latin text:
http://www.vahistorical.org/exhibits/tr_debry_detail.htm
http://bell.lib.umn.edu/encounters/home.html
[172] A truce between the Indians and the English
Not having heard anything for some time from Powhatan, the English sailed up the river with one hundred and fifty men and Powhatan’s daughter to one of the his villages but several of the Indians confronted them with arrows. Later, when two of Powhatan’s sons came to the camp to see if their sister was still alive, they found out she had been treated well and promised to report the good news to their father. In 1614, when Pocahontas married John Rolf, peace settled upon the Jamestown colony.
Plate 8
(14.5x19.3), from Part X(g), first published in 1618 with German text and in
1619 with Latin text:
http://bell.lib.umn.edu/encounters/home.html
[173] The Chickahominy make peace with the English
When friendly trade sprung up between Powhatan’s people and the English, a neighbouring tribe, known as the Chickahominy, sent two men with gifts to Thomas Dale as a token of their friendship. Later Captain Argall and fifty of his men visited their village and a peace treaty was agreed on the condition that the Indians call themselves Englishmen and swear allegiance to King James. Moreover, they would never take any colonists or their cattle and, when required to do so, would put up three hundred men to fight with the English against the Spanish.
Plate 9
(15.2x18.0), from Part X(g), first published in 1618 with German text and in
1619 with Latin text:
http://bell.lib.umn.edu/encounters/home.html
[174] Ralph Hamor visits Chief Powhatan
After the successful marriage of John Rolf to Pocahontas, Thomas Dale thought he would like to marry the youngest of Powhatan’s daughters. He sent Hamor to the Indian village to negotiate the deal in Powhatan’s house. Various gifts were exchanged but Powhatan had already promised his youngest daughter to one of the great ‘weroan’ chiefs and refused to change his mind. After feasting, Hamor returned to Jamestown with some white deerskins for Thomas Dale but without Powhatan’s daughter.
Plate 10
(15.1x18.8), from Part X(g), first published in 1618 with German text and in
1619 with Latin text:
http://bell.lib.umn.edu/encounters/home.html
[175] English sporting life in Virginia
It was said that the land, water and air in those parts teemed with life and the English spent much time hunting deer, or catching wildlife with dogs. Several hundred fish could be caught in a day and hawks could be trained to catch six or seven wildfowl in an hour or so. (This view, that hunting in Virginia was a gentleman’s sport, was unrealistic. For many years, total extinction was a serious threat for the colonists. In any event, this very same engraving was used in Part XIV(g) to illustrate the fauna of New Spain.)
Plate 11
(13.8x17.6), from Part X(g), first published in 1618 with German text and in
1619 with Latin text. Also on Page 50 from Part XIV(g) in 1630 with German
text and on Page 127 from Part XIII(g), in 1634 with Latin text:
After the death in 1618 of Powhatan and his brother, Opechancanough, became the tribal leader. When one of his men failed to return home from a visit to the English settlement, he planned a terrible revenge. Pretending to still be on friendly terms with the English, he and his men entered the camp with food, apparently for barter. Once inside though, without warning, the Indians snatched up whatever weapons they could find and attacked the colonists with such violence that three hundred and forty seven men, women and children died on that fateful day in March 1622.
Page 42
(14.8x17.4), from Part XIII(g), first published in 1627 with German text and on
Page 28 in 1634 with Latin text:
http://www.lehigh.edu/~ejg1/natimag/Harry.html
The End of this Geographical Category